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KMID : 1011120160090030103
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Bioethics Policy Studies
2016 Volume.9 No. 3 p.103 ~ p.131
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The Effects of Legislation on the Regulation of ART : Focusing on the Establishment of a Registry and Reducing the Number of Embryos Transferred
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Ha Jung-Ok
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Abstract
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This article examines the effects of legislation on the regulation of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) including in vitro fertilization (IVF). It especially focusses on issues regarding the establishment of an IVF registry and reducing the number of embryos transferred. Most research articles about legislation dealing with ART in South Korea have reviewed whether there is a case for permitting or banning some treatments and techniques (e.g. pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, somatic cell nuclear transfer, surrogacy, etc.) related to ART, while there has been little interest in the notion of a registry or the number of embryos transferred. A registry is a starting point for identifying the basic status of ART procedures and the number of embryos transferred could be a successful and effective intervention, which formed part of a process where policies are used to control multiple pregnancies and childbirth, the most adverse effects of ART.
Many countries in Europe and North America have established an IVF registry, some did so as early as in the 1980s or 1990s when they began to offer IVF treatment and reduce the number of embryos transferred. However, most of the countries in Asia, except for Japan, do not have an IVF registry and show the largest number of embryos being transferred.
The research conducted here has led to the discovery that legislation has been the most powerful and effective form of intervention among other forms of regulation. Furthermore, when legislation is coupled with the self-regulation of expert organizations and the enlarging of insurance coverage, the effects of legislation could see a continuation based on the agreement of experts and infertile couples. There is the expectation that this review could be helpful in improving the weak governance of ART in Korea that has occurred throughout ART’s 30 years of history in the nation.
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KEYWORD
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in vitro fertilization (test-tube baby), assisted reproductive technology, registry, multiple pregnancy and birth, number of embryos transferred
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